《住宅工程质量常见问题防治手册》2023
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住宅工程质量常见问题 防 治 手 册 湖北省住房和城乡建设厅 2023 年 12 月 前 言 百年大计，质量第一。年初，倪虹部长提出：“牢牢抓住让人民群众安居 这个基点，努力让人民群众住上更好的房子。”作为质量强国、强省的重要内 容之一，建设工程质量对于保障和改善民生，打造“中国建造”品牌，实现“两个 一百年”奋斗目标具有重要的现实意义。 近年来，随着我国经济快速发展，城市化进程不断加快，建筑业发展日新 月异，我省建设工程质量总体水平不断跃升。然而，在房地产业快速发展过程 中，商品房在预售制度等政策的刺激引导和房地产企业欲尽早回笼资金的双重 作用下，逐步形成了“重工期和成本，轻质量”的不良倾向，导致房屋出现开 裂、渗漏、隔声效果差、保温隔热材料易脱落等质量常见问题。这些问题通常 是工程质量投诉的热点，也是影响使用功能甚至影响结构耐久性、工程结构安 全的主要因素。 为切实推动住宅工程质量常见问题有效治理，加强技术指导，省住建厅紧 紧围绕为人民群众建设“好房子”的总要求，针对住宅工程开裂、渗漏、隔声效 果差、外墙保温易脱落等常见问题，研究编制了《住宅工程质量常见问题防治 手册》，内容分为开裂篇、渗漏篇、隔声篇和外墙保温及门窗篇，用以指导住 宅工程施工过程质量管理。 本手册由湖北省建设工程质量安全监督总站负责具体技术内容的解释。执 行过程中如有意见或建议，请联系湖北省建设工程质量安全监督总站（地址： 新时代商务中心19F，邮政编码：430064，电话027-67120975）。 主 编 单 位：湖北省住房和城乡建设厅 参 编 单 位：湖北省建设工程质量安全监督总站、湖北省建设科技与建 筑节能办公室、中建三局集团有限公司、中天建设集团有限公司、武汉建工 （集团）有限公司、湖北广盛建设集团有限责任公司、中建商品混凝土有限公 司、中信建筑设计研究总院有限公司、湖北省建筑设计院有限公司、中南建筑 设计院股份有限公司、武汉万科房地产有限公司、保利（武汉）房地产开发有 限公司、湖北中城科绿色建筑研究院、湖北省建设工程质量安全协会、湖北省 建筑节能协会、湖北省房地产业协会、湖北省建筑防水协会 目 录 开裂篇 一、住宅工程常见开裂情况 ·························································2 （一）梁板开裂 ·····································································2 1.梁开裂 ············································································2 2.板开裂 ············································································2 （二）墙柱开裂 ·····································································4 1.内墙开裂 ·········································································4 2.外墙开裂 ·········································································6 3.柱开裂 ············································································7 二、住宅工程开裂防治措施 ·························································8 （一）梁板开裂防治 ·······························································8 1.梁开裂防治 ······································································8 2.板开裂防治 ······································································9 （二）墙柱开裂防治 ······························································13 1.内墙开裂防治 ··································································13 2.外墙开裂防治 ··································································16 3.柱开裂防治 ·····································································18 渗漏篇 一、住宅工程常见渗漏情况 ························································20 （一）多水间渗漏 ·································································20 （二）外墙渗漏 ····································································20 （三）外窗及洞口渗漏 ···························································21 （四）屋面渗漏 ····································································21 （五）地下室渗漏 ·································································22 1.地下室底板渗漏 ·······························································22 2.地下室外墙渗漏 ·······························································22 二、住宅工程渗漏防治措施 ························································23 （一）多水间渗漏防治 ···························································23 （二）外墙渗漏防治 ······························································24 （三）外窗及洞口渗漏防治 ·····················································25 （四）屋面渗漏防治 ······························································26 （五）地下室渗漏防治 ···························································27 隔声篇 一、住宅工程常见隔声问题 ························································30 （一）楼板隔声差 ·································································30 （二）墙体隔声差 ·································································30 （三）门窗隔声差 ·································································30 （四）电梯、机电设备隔声差 ··················································30 二、住宅工程隔声推荐做法 ························································31 （一）楼板隔声推荐做法 ························································31 （二）墙体隔声推荐做法 ························································36 （三）门窗隔声推荐做法 ························································39 （四）电梯隔声推荐做法 ························································42 （五）机电设备隔声推荐做法 ··················································43 外墙保温及门窗篇 一、外墙保温及门窗常见问题 ·····················································45
