气体绝缘与GIS

目 录 **1 绪论** 001 1.1 气体绝缘的定义················································································································001 1.2 绝缘气体的固有特性············································································································002 1.3 SF6的发展历史和应用·········································································································005 1.4 SF6是一种潜在的温室气体····································································································008 1.5 环境中SF6气体的浓度········································································································008 1.6 SF6替代绝缘气体···············································································································009 1.7 环保型绝缘气体的现状与发展································································································010 **2 汤逊放电与流注放电** 014 2.1 汤逊放电·······················································································································014 2.1.1 电子崩的形成········································································································015 2.1.2 α过程···············································································································016 2.1.3 γ过程···············································································································019 2.1.4 自持放电的判断····································································································020 2.2 流注放电·······················································································································022 2.2.1 流注理论的提出····································································································022 2.2.2 产生流注的判断····································································································023 2.2.3 流注发展的理论····································································································025 2.2.4 流注理论对不同现象的解释······················································································026 2.3 汤逊放电实验················································································································029 2.3.1 稳态汤逊法(SST)·································································································030 002 | 气体绝缘与GIS 2.2.2 脉冲电流法(PT) ……………………………………………….. 035 **3 气体放电发展的理论研究方法** …………………………………. 043 3.1 气体放电中的蒙特卡罗模拟 ………………………………………….. 045 3.1.1 蒙特卡罗法简介 ……………………………………………….. 045 3.1.2 气体电子崩发展的蒙特卡罗模拟模型 ……………………………… 046 3.1.3 常见气体放电参数的蒙特卡罗模拟 ……………………………… 060 3.2 气体放电参数的玻耳兹曼方程求解 …………………………………. 063 3.2.1 玻耳兹曼方程简介 ……………………………………………….. 064 3.2.2 常见气体放电参数的玻耳兹曼方程求解 ………………………….. 072 **4 SF₆气体的绝缘特性** ……………………………………………. 076 4.1 SF₆的基本物理性质 ……………………………………………….. 077 4.1.1 SF₆的分子结构 …………………………………………………… 077 4.1.2 SF₆的吉态参数 …………………………………………………… 077 4.1.3 SF₆的电负性和热性能 ……………………………………………. 080 4.1.4 SF₆的分解及分解产物 ……………………………………………. 082 4.2 SF₆的气隙击穿特性 ……………………………………………….. 084 4.2.1 均匀电场中的放电特性 ……………………………………………. 085 4.2.2 稍不均匀电场中的放电特性 ………………………………………… 086 4.2.3 极不均匀电场中的放电特性 ………………………………………… 086 4.3 SF₆气体中固体绝缘子的沿面放电特性 ……………………………… 089 4.3.1 电场分布及其对固体绝缘子沿面放电特性的影响 ……………….. 089 4.3.2 影响SF₆气体中气-固绝缘特性的因素 ……………………………. 091 4.4 各种因素对SF₆绝缘性能的影响 …………………………………….. 096 4.4.1 气体压力对SF₆击穿电压的影响 …………………………………. 096 4.4.2 电场均匀度对SF₆击穿电压的影响 ……………………………… 097 4.4.3 极性对SF₆击穿电压的影响 ………………………………………… 098 4.4.4 电极表面粗糙度对SF₆击穿电压的影响 ………………………….. 101 **5 SF6混合气体的绝缘特性** 104 5.1 混合气体对SF6缺陷的改善 104 5.1.1 液化温度 104 5.1.2 绝缘性能 106 5.1.3 气体成本 109 5.1.4 环境保护 109 5.2 SF6混合气体的混合特性 109 5.2.1 混合比 109 5.2.2 混合比随高度的变化 110 5.2.3 混合过程 112 5.2.4 混合气体的回收 112 5.3 常见SF6二元混合气体的绝缘特性 113 5.3.1 SF6/N2混合气体的绝缘特性及其应用 114 5.3.2 SF6/CO2混合气体的绝缘特性及其应用 120 5.3.3 SF6/N2和SF6/CO2的对比 125 5.4 其他SF6多元混合气体 125 5.4.1 SF6/He和SF6/N2混合气体 126 5.4.2 SF6/Ar、SF6/Kr和SF6/Xe混合气体 129 5.4.3 SF6与全氟碳气体组成的混合气体 132 **6 环保型气体绝缘发展前景** 138 6.1 SF6替代气体的研究进展 138 6.1.1 气体绝缘发展的三个阶段 138 6.1.2 SF6替代气体的研究现状 141 6.2 SF6气体应用现状和环保型气体的探索 143 6.2.1 SF6混合气体的应用与发展 144 6.2.2 环保型绝缘气体的研究发展 145 6.3 c-C4F8及其混合气体的研究与发展 152 6.3.1 c-C4F8的物化特性 153 6.3.2 c-C4F8/CO2的电负性特性及分析 154 6.3.3 c-C4F8/CF4的电负性特性及分析 159 （注：页面右上角为“目录 | 003”）