风力机安装、维护与故障诊断

**目录** **第1章 风力发电简介 ……………………………………………………………………………. 1** 1.1 风力发电机组发展概述 …………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1.1 风力发电的特点 ………………………………………………………………………. 1 1.1.2 风电发展史与现状 …………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1.3 中国风力发电的发展 ……………………………………………………………….. 3 1.2 风力机的结构特点 ………………………………………………………………………….. 4 1.2.1 风力发电机组的组成 ……………………………………………………………….. 4 1.2.2 主流风力机的结构特点 ……………………………………………………………. 5 1.3 风力机的运行环境 ………………………………………………………………………….. 8 1.3.1 风能资源分布 ………………………………………………………………………….. 8 1.3.2 风力机运行环境 …………………………………………………………………….. 12 1.4 海上风电 ………………………………………………………………………………………. 13 1.4.1 海上风能的特点和风电开发的优势 ………………………………………… 13 1.4.2 海上风电开发面临的制约因素 ……………………………………………….. 13 1.4.3 海上风电场选址原则 ……………………………………………………………… 19 **第2章 风力机运输和安装 …………………………………………………………………… 21** 2.1 风力机运输相关法规及行业要求 …………………………………………………… 21 2.1.1 道路运输相关法规 …………………………………………………………………. 21 2.1.2 风力机运输道路要求 ……………………………………………………………… 22 2.1.3 风力机选用运输工具的选择 …………………………………………………… 24 2.1.4 运输路线选择问题 …………………………………………………………………. 24 2.2 风力机部件运输及要求 …………………………………………………………………. 25 2.2.1 部件在运输过程的要求 ………………………………………………………….. 25 2.2.2 风力机部件运输 …………………………………………………………………….. 25 2.3 风力机运输成本的控制 …………………………………………………………………. 27 2.4 风力机运输方案实例 …………………………………………………………………….. 28 2.5 基础的设计与施工…………………………………………… 29 2.6 安装场地及工具的选择……………………………………….. 29 2.6.1 安装场地的选择………………………………………… 29 2.6.2 安装工具的选择………………………………………… 30 2.7 安装规范及要求…………………………………………….. 32 2.7.1 安装规范……………………………………………….. 32 2.7.2 典型安装程序………………………………………….. 34 2.8 风力机部件现场吊装与安装……………………………………. 35 2.8.1 塔筒的吊装与安装………………………………………. 36 2.8.2 机舱的吊装与安装………………………………………. 40 2.8.3 风轮的吊装与安装………………………………………. 43 2.8.4 电气设备的安装………………………………………… 47 2.8.5 安装验收……………………………………………….. 51 2.8.6 风场安装计划……………………………………………. 51 2.9 海上风力机的运输安装……………………………………….. 52 2.9.1 海上风力机的运输………………………………………. 52 2.9.2 海上风力机安装特点…………………………………….. 52 2.9.3 海上风力机安装方式…………………………………….. 53 第3章 风力发电机组的出厂调试和试验……………………………… 57 3.1 风力发电机调试、试验的组织和准备……………………………. 57 3.1.1 工厂阶段调试的组织和准备……………………………….. 57 3.1.2 现场调试的组织和准备…………………………………… 58 3.2 调试、试验常用仪器设备介绍…………………………………. 59 3.2.1 带刀剥线钳使用说明…………………………………….. 59 3.2.2 端子压线钳使用说明…………………………………….. 60 3.2.3 球形内六角扳手使用说明…………………………………. 60 3.2.4 棘轮开孔枪两爪换手扳使用说明……………………………. 60 3.2.5 电吹风枪使用说明………………………………………. 61 3.2.6 兆欧表使用说明………………………………………… 62 3.2.7 手轮枪使用说明………………………………………… 63 3.2.8 FLUKE 15B型万用表使用说明书……………………………. 65 3.3 变桨系统调试(以常见 LUST、SSB及变桨系统为例)……………….. 67 3.3.1 调试前准备……………………………………………. 67 3.3.2 测试内容及操作步骤…………………………………….. 68 3.4 主控 I/O 通道测试(以常见 MTA 和类似控制系统为例)……………. 74 3.4.1 绝缘电阻的测量………………………………………… 74 3.4.2 通信测试……………………………………………… 75 3.4.3 安全链功能试验………………………………………… 76 3.4.4 软件操作························································································ 77 3.4.5 润滑系统功能试验········································································ 80 3.4.6 液压系统功能试验········································································ 82 3.4.7 偏航功能试验·············································································· 83 3.4.8 发电机设备功能试验······································································ 85 3.4.9 齿轮箱设备功能试验······································································ 86 3.4.10 传感器测试··············································································· 88 3.5 主控与传感器通信测试······································································ 90 3.5.1 振动传感器测试··········································································· 90 3.5.2 空载拖动试验·············································································· 96 第4章 风力发电机组试运行与验收······························································ 103 4.1 风力发电机组试运行试验条件······························································ 103 4.1.1 风力发电机组试运行的条件······························································ 103 4.1.2 功能性检验················································································ 103 4.2 240h 无故障运行············································································· 104 4.2.1 组织和管理················································································ 104 4.2.2 一般考核标准·············································································· 105 4.3 试运行期间的风机检测······································································ 111 4.4 风力发电机组验收·········································································· 112 4.4.1 验收应具备的条件········································································ 113 4.4.2 风力发电机组验收内容·································································· 113 4.4.3 质保期····················································································· 114 4.5 最终验收······················································································ 115 第5章 风力发电机组的运行和维护······························································ 116 5.1 风电场的运行和维护········································································ 116 5.1.1 风电场运行工作的主要内容······························································ 116 5.1.2 风电场维护工作的主要方式······························································ 117 5.2 机组常规巡检和故障处理···································································· 118 5.3 风力发电机组的例行维护···································································· 120 5.3.1 例行维护的主要内容和要求······························································ 120 5.3.2 年度例行维护周期········································································ 121 5.3.3 维护计划的编制··········································································· 122 5.3.4 年度例行维护的组织与管理······························································ 122 5.3.5 检修工作总结·············································································· 123 5.4 风力发电机组的非常规维护································································ 123 5.5 运行维护记录的填写········································································ 124 5.6 风力发电机组的润滑系统维护······························································ 124 5.6.1 风力发电机组的工作环境及基本润滑要求·············································· 125