GB∕T 47676-2026 旋转电机 用于测量电刷运行性能的试验方法和设备

ICS 29.160.10 CCS K 20 GB 中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 47676—2026/IEC 60773:2021 旋转电机 用于测量电刷运行 性能的试验方法和设备 Rotating electrical machines—Test methods and apparatus for the measurement of the operational characteristics of brushes (IEC 60773:2021, IDT) 2026-07-02 发布 2027-02-01 实施 国家市场监督管理总局 国家标准化管理委员会 发布 GB/T 47676—2026/IEC 60773:2021 目 次 前言 …………………………………………………………………. Ⅰ 1 范围 ……………………………………………………………….. 1 2 规范性引用文件 ………………………………………………………. 1 3 术语、定义、符号和缩略语 ……………………………………………… 1 4 试验装置要求 ………………………………………………………… 9 5 试验参数和条件 ………………………………………………………. 28 6 摩擦系数的确定 ………………………………………………………. 32 7 电压降的确定 ………………………………………………………… 34 8 电刷磨损的确定 ………………………………………………………. 37 9 在直流电机上用给定的交叉换向试验对不同电刷材料的换向能力的测定 ……………. 39 附录A（资料性） 摩擦系数测量的其他信息 …………………………………… 43 附录B（资料性） 无火花换向区偏差示例 …………………………………….. 53 附录C（资料性） 试验报告样例 ……………………………………………. 54 参考文献 ……………………………………………………………… 58 图1 轮廓曲线和轮廓曲线要素高度的确定 …………………………………….. 2 图2 作用在刷上的力 …………………………………………………….. 4 图3 一个作业中的电刷各电压降 ……………………………………………. 5 图4 刷握示意图 ………………………………………………………… 13 图5 通过方法a)对机械行程进行的测量 ………………………………………. 13 图6 方法b)的电源试验装置 ……………………………………………….. 14 图7 第一个测力传感器的试验装置布局 ………………………………………. 15 图8 U形电刷的刷握保持面示例 …………………………………………….. 17 图9 热电势校正图 ………………………………………………………. 18 图10 插值法计算接触温度θw ………………………………………………. 19 图11 换向器行程的尺寸和预备说明 …………………………………………. 22 图12 电刷布置 ………………………………………………………….. 23 图13 电刷示意图 ………………………………………………………… 24 图14 控制电路布局 ………………………………………………………. 25 图15 螺旋槽的特性 ………………………………………………………. 26 图16 每个电刷两个电刷的直流换向试验装置布局 ……………………………….. 27 图17 两个电刷的换向试验装置布局 …………………………………………. 28 图18 作为圆周速度vK 摩擦系数μ示例图 …………………………………….. 34 GB/T 47676—2026/IEC 60773:2021 图 19 电流密度 Jc与电刷总电压降 Ui的函数关系图示例 ················································································ 37 图 20 具有 1 个电刷的试验装置在试验期间不闪烁的电刷磨损率 WE 示例···················································· 38 图 21 使用直流电机和电源负载的灭火花试验电路配置················································································· 41 图 22 Benard 的负极性直流灭火花换向区试验电路配置 ················································································· 41 图 23 特定初始定转速下灭火花换向区示例 ································································································· 43 图 24 换向器圆度对灭火花换向区的影响 ····································································································· 44 图 25 电动机用高频电源电刷和低频电源电刷的灭火花换向区比较································································ 45 图 26 发电机用高频电源电刷和低频电源电刷的灭火花换向区比较································································ 46 图 27 对“硬”电刷材料施加重复峰值负载试验运行前后机械稳定性裕度偏差 225%的灭火花换向区················································································································································ 46 图 28 对“软”电刷材料施加重复峰值负载试验运行前后机械稳定性裕度偏差 225%的灭火花换向区················································································································································ 47 图 A.1 传感器输出电压 Ui与压强 p 的关系 ·································································································· 49 图 A.2 载荷与摩擦系数 μ之间关系的示例 ·································································································· 50 图 B.1 有限接触面积和接触切向尺寸的减小 ······························································································· 51 图 B.2 有限接触面积的灭火花换向区 ········································································································· 52 图 B.3 电刷磨损对灭火花换向区电刷机械接触不稳定性的影响 ····································································· 52 图 J.1 μ₀增加和 μ₀减少之间的灭火花换向区滞回 ······················································································· 53 表 1 试验电刷的尺寸 ································································································································· 11 表 2 试验条件 ·········································································································································· 29 8